They solve different problems
Vault is a production secrets service: policies, audit logs, dynamic leases, and integrations with every major infrastructure layer. If you need AWS IAM credentials that expire in 15 minutes, Vault is the answer.
tene is a developer-workstation and CI tool: encrypted .env replacement, runtime env-var injection, AI-editor safety. If you want your API keys to stay out of Claude Code's context window, tene is the answer. Neither replaces the other.